Stoppen Sie FPV-Drohnen, um Videos durch digitales COFDM-Video zu schützen

So schützen Sie das Echtzeitvideo von Drohnen vor Störungen? Hier ist ein relativer Artikel über das Stoppen von FPV-Drohnen zum Schutz von Videos, Wir sind der Meinung, dass der digitale drahtlose Videosender und -empfänger COFDM empfohlen wird.

Übersetzen Sie Nachrichten von https://focus.ua/digital/673099-shtory-protiv-fpv-dronov-kak-rabotaet-novaya-reb-rossii.

Blind und fallend: Wie “REB-Vorhänge” Stoppen Sie ukrainische Kamikaze-Drohnen und gibt es Schutz? (Video)

Die Unterdrückung von Videokanälen von FPV-Drohnen ukrainischer Einheiten ist auf dem Schlachtfeld zu einem häufigen Phänomen geworden. Experten sagten, dass es möglich sei, dagegen vorzugehen.

Mittlerweile setzen russische Truppen recht effektiv elektronische Kriegsausrüstung ein, die die Videoübertragung von Angriffs-FPV-Drohnen stört. Fokus found out how it works, what damage it does to the Defense Forces of Ukraine, and how to protect yourself.

Das “Augen” der Drohnen wurden geschlossen: eine neue Bedrohung an der Front

Military consultant Serhiy Beskrestnov, with the pseudonym “Blitz”, wrote on Facebook at the end of September that many Ukrainian FPV drone pilots are hindered by the Russians’ EW devices, which affect the video signal. The people nicknamed them “Vorhänge” – after the shape of the obstacle that appears on the screens. As a result, operators cannot control the aircraft because they cannot see where they are flying.

Russian fighters first intercept the video of an unknown FPV drone at a certain frequency, determine that it is hostile – by the name of the unit, which is written in the OSD menu, or by the increase in signal strength, after which they estimate the battery charge and the time for which the jamming should be turned on.

“This is especially a problem for repeaters. They hang high, see far, and even 20-30 km entfernt, their video receiver can be an obstacle. There would be power. So far, many are getting away with changing and selecting frequencies, but this solution is banal, painful, and temporary,” – writes “Blitz”.

Wie “Vorhänge” arbeiten: Für und Wider

An engineer of the “Sky of Victory” Projekt, which produces “Grim” FPV drones for the Ukrainian army, expressed his opinion about the obstacles to Focus anonymously. According to him, “Curtain”-type devices affect only the video channel, throwing off the synchronization between the video transmitter on the drone and the pilot’s video receiver. As a result of the action of the system, after losing the image from the drone, the pilot cannot navigate in space and continue the flight, in such conditions, the copter simply falls.

“It is designed specifically to combat FPV drones,” the specialist noted.

Serhii Gerasimyuk, the founder of Antidron Ukraine, a company that produces EW devices, explained to Focus in more detail how it works. It is impossible to suppress the analog video signal affecting the FPV drone because it has a Video Transmitter (VTX), das ist, a transmitter, but there is no receiver in the same range, so it does not “listen” to anything.

Suppressing video in the case of FPV drones is only possible by creating radio interference to the pilot’s receiver. It is impossible to do this with a dome because the operators are never 50-200 meters away from the working EW devices.

“On the market, there are a lot of offers of EW-domes with video suppression. Aber das spricht nur für eines – über die Kompetenz des Herstellers, oder besser gesagt, seine völlige Abwesenheit,” Der Entwickler bemerkte.

Zur Unterdrückung des Videos einer FPV-Drohne, ein mächtiger Komplex mit einer auf den Feind gerichteten Antenne “Nest” von Piloten erforderlich. Um dies zu tun, Sie müssen den Azimut kennen, das ist, die Richtung, in die es gerichtet werden soll. Es kann nur mit Hilfe technischer Mittel der elektronischen Funkaufklärung installiert werden (IST), sowohl spezialisiert als auch günstig “Videoempfänger” mit automatischer Suche nach dem gewünschten Bereich, welches auf Aliexpress zu finden ist.

Der Betreiber solcher Geräte fängt die ab “Bild” und muss das Gelände visuell bestimmen, sowie die ungefähre Position feindlicher Piloten. Dann wird die Antenne ausgerichtet und es entstehen Störungen bei denselben Frequenzen wie das Videosignal.

“Dies ist keine Kuppel, wo Sie “turned on and forgot”. An effective countermeasure of this type is already a certain complex, algorithm of actions. And only timely, consecutive actions allow you to achieve a positive result. That is, it is at least a two-person calculation with everything necessary for timely interception video, determination of the direction, the presence of a directed “jammer” on that range, operational guidance, and setting obstacles. And all this must be done before the FPV arrives at the target it was flying to,” stressed Serhiy Gerasimyuk.

Even with everything in place for success, EW operators may lack the time or reaction to determine direction and direct their devices. But despite all the difficulties, the algorithm has a certain percentage of efficiency. In addition to the usual video bands (5.8/1.2 GHz), both sides also use non-standard bands (1.5/3.3/4.9 GHz), for which there are no means of intercepting the video channel, or their choice is quite limited due to their less “popularity”. Everything depends on the availability of all the necessary means, and even in this case, fighters may not know where to direct the available means of countermeasures.

Ist es möglich, das zu durchbrechen? “Vorhang”

The engineer of “Sky of Victory” says that it is quite possible to counteract the suppression systems of video signals of FPV drones. Such solutions already exist, but the engineer did not go into details, so as not to simplify the life of the enemy and not to give hints on how to bypass the Ukrainian analogs of “Vorhänge”.

In the network, experts are discussing replacing the analog video channel with a digital one, and the above-mentioned Sergey Beskrestnov also supports this option. The representative of “Sky of Victory” believes that digital systems will help solve only some highly specialized tasks because they have a number of pros and cons.

“Bedauerlicherweise, digital wireless COFDM video transmission system takes a long time to recover after signal loss and does not allow quick response to the situation in flight,” sagte er.